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Februar 4, 2025
  1. with other tests in that same area.
  2. ^ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is „N/A“. In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while „0“ means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
  3. ^ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
  4. ^ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
  5. ^ Designations for test items where known, „?“ indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
  6. ^ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
  7. ^ Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and „all“ if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.

List of ships involved in Operation Argus

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Mundey, Lisa (2012). „The Civilianization of a Nuclear Weapons Effects Test: Operation ARGUS“. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences. 42 (4): 283–321. doi:10.1525/hsns.2012.42.4.283.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Department of Defense, Defense Nuclear Agency (1958). „Operation ARGUS, 1958“. Department of Defense Documents: 1–143. hdl:2027/uiug.30112075683737. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ Van Allen, James A.; McIlwain, Carl E.; Ludwig, George H. (August 15, 1959). „Satellite observations of electrons artificially injected into the geomagnetic field“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PDF). 45 (8): 1152–1171. Bibcode:1959PNAS…45.1152V. doi:10.1073/pnas.45.8.1152. JSTOR 90137. PMC 222697.
  4. ^ Christofilos, Nicholas C. (August 15, 1959). „The Argus Experiment“ (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PDF). 45 (8): 1144–1152. Bibcode:1959PNAS…45.1144C. doi:10.1073/pnas.45.8.1144. JSTOR 90136. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
  5. ^ „Report DNA 6039F: Operation Argus 1958“ (PDF). Nuclear Test Personnel Review. Defense Nuclear Agency. 1982. OCLC 760071663. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
  6. ^ Lawson, Cliff (2017). The Station Comes of Age: Satellites, Submarines, and Special Operations in the Final Years of the Naval Ordnance Test Station, 1959–1967. Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division. p. 43.
  7. ^ Hall of Valor Project. „Arthur R. Gralla“. Military Times. Archived from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  8. ^ U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. DTRA Fact Sheets, „Operation Argus“ Archived 7 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. November 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
  9. ^ Baldwin, Hanson W. (March 19, 1959). „3 Atomic Devices Detonated 300 Miles Up“. The New York Times. p. 1.
  10. ^ Sullivan, Walter (March 19, 1959). „Radiation and Geomagnetic Phenomena Probed and Revealed by Test Outlined“. The New York Times. p. 1.
  11. ^ „Time Zone Historical Database“. iana.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  12. ^ Jump up to:a b c DCI Briefing to Joint Chiefs of Staff (PDF) (Report). July 30, 1963. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
  13. ^ Jump up to:a b c Sublette, Carey, Nuclear Weapons Archive, retrieved January 6, 2014
  14. ^ Jump up to:a b c Operation Argus, 1958 (DNA6039F), Washington, DC: Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of Defense, 1982, archived from the original on November 16, 2021, retrieved November 26, 2013
  15. ^ Jump up to:a b c Norris, Robert Standish; Cochran, Thomas B. (1 February 1994), „United States nuclear tests, July 1945 to 31 December 1992 (NWD 94-1)“ (PDF), Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper, Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013, retrieved 26 October 2013
  16. ^ Jump up to:a b c Hansen, Chuck (1995), The Swords of Armageddon, Vol. 8, Sunnyvale, CA: Chukelea Publications, ISBN 978-0-9791915-1-0
  17. ^ Jump up to:a b c United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992 (PDF) (DOE/NV-209 REV15), Las Vegas, NV: Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office, 1 December 2000, archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2006, retrieved 18 December 2013
  18. ^ Jump up to:a b c Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000), CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3), SMDC Monitoring Research

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Operation Argus.

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